CAAA: When Enforcement Fails at Cal/OSHA

Wednesday, April 8, 2026 | 0

The death of Jairo Ramirez, a pipe company worker in Monterey who was crushed inside a cement mixer in 2021, is not only a tragic workplace fatality, it is also an indictment of a system that nearly failed to act.

A Cal/OSHA investigation found that Ramirez’s employer had disabled a critical safety mechanism designed to prevent the machine from operating while the access door was open. Yet despite clear evidence of dangerous misconduct, the case was initially dropped, not because it lacked merit, but because the state agency responsible for investigating worker deaths did not have the staff to pursue it.

It was only after sustained advocacy from Ramirez’s family, and scrutiny from reporting by The Sacramento Bee in its investigation, “California worker died in a cement mixer. His case was dropped but is now heading to court”, that the case was revived just hours before the statute of limitations expired.

The circumstances surrounding Ramirez’s death reveal a deeper structural failure within Cal/OSHA, particularly within its Bureau of Investigations, the unit tasked with examining workplace fatalities for criminal liability. At the time this case was shelved, the BOI had been reduced to a single investigator responsible for 19 million workers and more than 1 million workplaces across California.

Former leadership and veteran investigators described the situation as untenable, noting that referrals for criminal prosecution had plummeted from 29 cases in 2012 to just three in 2022 and 2023. Hundreds of serious cases, including deaths and life-altering injuries, were never fully investigated. The Ramirez case was not an anomaly; it was a predictable outcome of chronic understaffing and institutional neglect.

According to a 2025 audit by the California State Auditor, Cal/OSHA has continually failed to meet requirements to report its investigative activity to the Legislature. However, recent developments suggest things are beginning to turn around, including an increase in investigators and a rise in referrals for prosecution. These changes come only after years of shelved investigations, skipped reviews, under-inspections and thousands of valid complaints not followed up on.

The agency’s recent expansion from one investigator to 12, while necessary, underscores how far conditions had deteriorated. That it took media exposure to prompt action should raise serious concerns about the effectiveness of worker safety enforcement in California.

When workplace fatalities or catastrophic injuries occur, it cannot be assumed that Cal/OSHA will fully investigate or refer cases for prosecution, particularly where agency resources are strained. Attorneys representing injured workers and their families must be prepared to independently scrutinize the facts, push for enforcement action and preserve claims before statutory deadlines expire.

The Ramirez case is a stark reminder that without sustained advocacy, even the most egregious safety violations can go unaddressed, leaving injured workers and their families without justice or accountability.

This opinion by the California Applicants' Attorneys Association communications team is republished, with permission, from the CAAA website.